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3 articles of 156
Bile acids as signaling molecules — FXR and TGR5
HypothesisMucosa · Microbiome interface · mechanism_review
Bile acids are not just fat emulsifiers. They are signaling molecules.
The intestinal epithelium prominently expresses two key bile acid receptors — farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and…
The vagus nerve and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway
HypothesisMucosa · Adjacent systems · mixed
The vagus nerve has anti-inflammatory properties through its afferents (activating HPA) and its efferents (the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, CAP). The CAP inhibits pro-inf…
Trefoil factors (TFF1, TFF2, TFF3) — the active repair system
HypothesisMucosa · Architecture · mechanism_review
If SCFAs fuel the goblet cells, trefoil factors are the active repair signal. These small peptides are underappreciated and directly relevant.
Trefoil peptides play important role…