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All published Bionoia articles. Filter by topic, evidence tier, study type, or tag.
Topic
Evidence tier
11 articles of 156
Microbiota-derived butyrate inhibits colonic epithelial pyroptosis and mitigates DSS-induced colitis via interacting with aryl hydrocarbon receptor
SpeculationMucosa · Discovery · animal
**Source:** [pubmed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42177552/)
**Authors:** Zou F, Wu Z, Wang S, Xu M, Xia P
**Venue:** J Transl Med · 2026 May 23
**AI relevance (5/5):** Dire…
MUC2 glycosylation — the structural key
HypothesisMucosa · Architecture · mechanism_review
**Summary**
MUC2 — the dominant secreted mucin in the colon — is not protein with sugar attached. It is, by weight, mostly sugar. Up to eighty percent of the molecule's mass is it…
FUT2 secretor status — the testable genetic variable
HypothesisMucosa · Genetic factors · mechanism_review
**Summary**
The FUT2 (Secretor) gene encodes an α-1,2-fucosyltransferase responsible for expressing ABO histo-blood group antigens on gastrointestinal mucosa and in bodily secreti…
Resolution biology — SPMs (resolvins, protectins, maresins)
HypothesisMucosa · Adjacent systems · mechanism_review
**Summary**
Conceptually one of the most important paradigm shifts in inflammation research in the past 15 years, led by Charles Serhan at Harvard. Resolution of inflammation is n…
Ileocecal vulnerability
HypothesisMucosa · Mechanisms of dysfunction · mechanism_review
Patients with SIBO have significantly lower ileocecal pressure thresholds, prolonged small bowel transit time, and higher gastrointestinal pH compared to those without SIBO.
The s…
Akkermansia muciniphila and the mucolytic balance
HypothesisMucosa · Microbiome interface · mechanism_review
Akkermansia muciniphila colonizes the mucosal layer of the human gut. It is particularly effective at increasing mucus thickness and improving barrier function. A. muciniphila rest…
Bile acids as signaling molecules — FXR and TGR5
HypothesisMucosa · Microbiome interface · mechanism_review
Bile acids are not just fat emulsifiers. They are signaling molecules.
The intestinal epithelium prominently expresses two key bile acid receptors — farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and…
Paneth cells and α-defensins (HD5, HD6)
HypothesisMucosa · Architecture · mechanism_review
The small intestine has its own specialized defense system: Paneth cells at the bottom of the crypts of Lieberkühn, which produce potent antimicrobial peptides — particularly HD5 a…
Mast cells and mucus hypersecretion (MCAS)
HypothesisMucosa · Adjacent systems · human_observational
Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is a differential consideration in any picture combining inflammation escalation, mucus hypersecretion, and food intolerance patterns.
Mast ce…
The glycocalyx and heparan sulfate / syndecan-1
HypothesisMucosa · Architecture · mechanism_review
A third barrier system, often overlooked in clinical discussion: the glycocalyx layer on the basolateral side of enterocytes, primarily based on heparan sulfate proteoglycans (espe…
Trefoil factors (TFF1, TFF2, TFF3) — the active repair system
HypothesisMucosa · Architecture · mechanism_review
If SCFAs fuel the goblet cells, trefoil factors are the active repair signal. These small peptides are underappreciated and directly relevant.
Trefoil peptides play important role…