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Mucosa · Discovery · animal

**Source:** [pubmed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42177552/) **Authors:** Zou F, Wu Z, Wang S, Xu M, Xia P **Venue:** J Transl Med · 2026 May 23 **AI relevance (5/5):** Dire…

Resolution biology · Framework · mechanism_review

**Summary** For decades inflammation was understood as a single process that simply "wore off" once the trigger was removed. Resolution was passive — what happened when nothing mo…

Resolution biology · Mediators · mechanism_review

**Summary** SPMs are bioactive lipid metabolites derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. They include four families: lipoxins (from arachidonic acid), E-series resolvins (from E…

Resolution biology · Markers · mechanism_review

**Summary** The omega-3 index measures EPA + DHA as a percentage of total fatty acids in red blood cell phospholipids. It is the standardized, clinically-validated proxy for tissu…

Mucosa · Architecture · mechanism_review

**Summary** MUC2 — the dominant secreted mucin in the colon — is not protein with sugar attached. It is, by weight, mostly sugar. Up to eighty percent of the molecule's mass is it…

Mucosa · Genetic factors · mechanism_review

**Summary** The FUT2 (Secretor) gene encodes an α-1,2-fucosyltransferase responsible for expressing ABO histo-blood group antigens on gastrointestinal mucosa and in bodily secreti…

Mucosa · Adjacent systems · mechanism_review

**Summary** Conceptually one of the most important paradigm shifts in inflammation research in the past 15 years, led by Charles Serhan at Harvard. Resolution of inflammation is n…

Mucosa · Mechanisms of dysfunction · mechanism_review

Patients with SIBO have significantly lower ileocecal pressure thresholds, prolonged small bowel transit time, and higher gastrointestinal pH compared to those without SIBO. The s…

Mucosa · Microbiome interface · mechanism_review

Akkermansia muciniphila colonizes the mucosal layer of the human gut. It is particularly effective at increasing mucus thickness and improving barrier function. A. muciniphila rest…

Mucosa · Microbiome interface · mechanism_review

Bile acids are not just fat emulsifiers. They are signaling molecules. The intestinal epithelium prominently expresses two key bile acid receptors — farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and…

Mucosa · Architecture · mechanism_review

The small intestine has its own specialized defense system: Paneth cells at the bottom of the crypts of Lieberkühn, which produce potent antimicrobial peptides — particularly HD5 a…

Mucosa · Adjacent systems · human_observational

Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is a differential consideration in any picture combining inflammation escalation, mucus hypersecretion, and food intolerance patterns. Mast ce…

Mucosa · Architecture · mechanism_review

A third barrier system, often overlooked in clinical discussion: the glycocalyx layer on the basolateral side of enterocytes, primarily based on heparan sulfate proteoglycans (espe…

Mucosa · Architecture · mechanism_review

If SCFAs fuel the goblet cells, trefoil factors are the active repair signal. These small peptides are underappreciated and directly relevant. Trefoil peptides play important role…